Grinding machine



June l2, 1923. V 1,458,528

V. J. EMERY GRINDING MACHINE June 12, 1923. 1,458,528

' V. J. EMERY GRINDING 'MACHINE Filed Jan. 14. 1922 2 sheets-sheet 2Patented June l2, 1923.

VICTORJ'. EMERY, OIF WOIiLASTN, MASSACHUSETTS.

GRINDING MACHINE.

application med January 14, 1922.

To all whom t may concern: Y

Be it known that I, VICTOR J. EMRY, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Wollaston, county of Norfolk, and State of` Massachusetts,have invented an Improvement in Grinding Machines, of which thefollowing description, in connectionwith theaccompanying drawings, is aspecification, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to grinding and lapping machines and moreparticularly to one adapted for the internal grinding of cylindricalsurfaces. Such a grinder, while not limited thereto, finds a large fieldof application in the grinding of engine V'cylinders.

My invention will best be understood by reference to the followingdescriptionl of the illustrative embodiment thereof shown by way ofexample in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of an organized machine illustrative of myinvention;

Fig. 2 is an elevation on a larger scale of the grinding head utilizedon the machine;

Flg. 3 is a-central vertical section through Fi 2; y

Fig. 4 is a similar section through Fig. l3;

Fig. 5 is an end view or bottom plan of the head; and Fig. 6 is a brokensectional detail of the gearing ofthe grinding head spindle.

Novel mechanical constructions claimed in the present` application are,in thel form of the invention illustrated, embodied in a rotary headwhich for various purposes might be attached to any suitably rotatedshaft. InFig. 1 I have shown for purposes of illustration an organizedmachine of peculiar construction having certain advantages for operatingwith heads of the kind referred to. This machine is a vertical machine,that is, the heads rotate about vertical axes, this giving greaterfacility for the mounting and 'positioning of the 'work and is also inthis instance a gang machine having a plurality of spindles adapted tooperate at once. For example, the engine blocks of internal combustionengines embodying a plurality of cylinders may be finished bysimultaneous grinding of the several cylinders.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, suitable grinding heads 7 which maybe and preferably are of the type shown in Figs. 2

Serial No. 529,375.

to `.5 are mounted on vertical spindles 9 which may 'be journalled inclosed casings 11 which are slidably adjustable on the cross-bar 13extending between the two uprlght standards l5 of the machine. Theslldlng adjustment referred to permits the heads to be adjusted tovarious distances in accordance with the type of work operated upon andto permit a closely grouped arrangement of the heads. 'The spindles 9are preferably driven from twopower shafts, alternate spindles beingdriven from the upper shaft 17 and alternate ones from the lower shaft19. Enclosed by the walls of each casingll (see Fig. 6) and sliding on afeather 2O on the driving shaft is a spiral gear 21 driving a spiralgear on the spindle 9. The shafts 17 and 19 may be belt driven from themain shaft 25 which extends adjacent the bottom of the machine.

To cause the grinding head to grind a cylindrical surface a relativetranslative motion axially of the spindle 9 is effected be-r tween thework and the head and in the particular machine shown this is effectedby raising and lowering the work while the heads rotate. -For thispurpose the work may be clamped upon the table 27 guided on thestandards 15 and counterbalanced by the weights 29. A rack 31 connectedto the table slides in post 33 and meshes with a inion 35 fast with aworm wheel 36 driven y a worm 37 on a countershaft 39 and countershaft39 may be driven from main shaft 25 by either an open belt on pulleys 41or a crossed belt on pulleys 43 and a suitable clutch mechanism providesfor connecting the countershaft to the power shaft alternately throughthese pulleys, thus providing for a regularreversal of the direction ofrotation of the shaft 39 and the reciprocating movement of the table 27.The movement is conveniently effected by an automatic reversingmechanism operating on the drive pulleys on the main shaft 25 which maybe of any convenient or suitable type and is conveniently operated bymeans of tappets 45 adjustable on the rod 47 and adapted to be engagedin the movement of the table by a stop 49 carried thereby.

I will now describe more in detail the preferred construction of thehead 7 as illustrated in Vdetail in Figs. 2 and 3. The head may beresemble in certain respects the head shown in my Patent No. 1,193,884

and embodies in its construction one or more separate abrading blocks 51peripherally presented at the side of the head. In other words, each oneis eccentrically mounted as regards the axis of the shaft 9 and is sweptaround in a circular path by the rotation ofthe head. In the form of theinvention shown the blocks 51 are rollers in the form of truncateddouble conoids mounted to rotate on axes which are chords of the circlebeing ground and thus presenting to the work an arcuate face which willcorrespond substantially to the contour thereof and adapted to roll inthe relative reciprocating movement of work and headso as constantly topresent a new face to the work.

The rollers 51 are .mounted in ears 53 on swinging arms 55 pivotedadjacent one end at 57 (see Fig. 5) on the head, the pivot pins 57herein passing through the body 59 of the headand an overhanging portionof a plate 61 secured to posts 63 rising from the body 59. These postsv63 appear in dotf ted liv-nes in Fig. 5 and are centrally out by thesectioning plane in Fig. 4. In the form of the invention shown twoabrading elements are Autilized which is an Iinstance of a centric groupof such elements adapted to be symmetrically operated in the mannerhereinafter described. In other words, considering the plurality ofelements as a group, they are symmetrically arranged about a commoncenter, the axis of rotation and lie equal distances from that center.Each element, however, considered alone is distant from that center andthus is properly described as eccentrically mounted.

The arms 55 are supported against inward movement by suitable springs`65and positively but adjustably held against outward movement as in myprior patent'referred to. The head carrying the pivots 57 is ro tatedinthe direction shown by the arrow in Fig. 5 and the abrading elements aredragged around trailing rearwardly from their pivots and are vieldablyheld to their work without possibility of sticking or chattering. In thepresent instance two arms are shown andl they may be adjusted toposition the blocks 51 by means of a right and left handscre-w 67 (seeFig. 3) having a hub 69 (see Fig. 4) supported by pins 71 and 73swivelled in the central web body 59 and top plate 61 of the headrespectively. The springs (see Fig. 3) may be housed 1n recesses in thearms 55 andnd a support on'nuts 75 threaded on to the screw. Castle nuts77, which may be recessed as shown into the outer faces of the arms 55,

may be set upv on the screws to swmg the arms inwardly against theiniuence of the springs 65 and thus adjust the position of the abradingrel1\ers 51. Preferably the nuts 75 and 77 arelsquare and positioned insquare recesses and the -adjustment is effected by rotating the screw 67by a suitably squared end thereof and after the adjustment has beeneffected and the orbit or eccentricity Aof the rollers 51 determined asby means of a pair of calipers, nuts 77 may be locked in position bymeans of a pin 79. Obviously the two nuts 75 and 77 are always the samedistance apart and thus the pressure on the spring 65 is the same forall positions -of adjustment ofV arm 55. y

When the parts are adjusted as described and thehead is rotated and thework reoiprocated relatively to the rotating head, the latter will grind`out a cylinder to a maximum size determined 'by the setting. On accountofA the conoidal form of the rollers they will enter a cylinder of adiameter smaller than the dimension desired, the arms yielding inwardlyagainst the action of the springs 65, and the abrading rollers will thenbe pressed out by these springs with a yielding pressure against thesides of the cylinder until it is ground to proper size.

My invention includes means whereby the eccentricity of the grindingblock or blocks may be intermittently increased during the operation ofthe heads. Thus, for example, l

in one reciprocation orv traverse of the grinding head through thecylinder one thousandth of an inch of metal might be removed. It .wouldbe desirable then 'to relax the means which holds the block supportingarms 55 against the force of the springs 65 and to ermit the grindingblocks to move outwardly so that their outer peripheries would lie onthe circumference of a circle of a diameter one thousandth of an inchgreater. The construction which I will presently describe permits suchaction.

For this purpose (see ig. 4) thescrew 67 is provided with a ratchetwheel 81 which is adapted to be operated by a pawl or tooth on areciprocating lever 83 which moves, roughly speaking, in a plane tangentthereto. The lever 83 is normally pressed inwardly towards the wheel andvdownwardly as by means of the piano wire spring 85 mounted in plug 87and having an end' received in the lever 83 as shown. To vary theeffective stroke of the lever vto turn the ratchet wheel through one or'more teeth the former is provided with a shoulder 89l adapt ed tocooperate with a cam or eccentric 91 mounted on a shaft 93 which may beadjusted from the exterior of the headfvThe .shoulder 89 moving overtheI cam 91Imoves the lever to the right viewing Fig.'4 and dis-Aengages the castlev the tooth of thek lever from the ratchet wheel 'and'limits the activestroke of f the lever. It will be readily understoodthat for each incremental rotation 'of th'e'ratchet wheel 65 the screw67 is rotated and the nuts 103 and lock nut 10a permit t incassa 77 and75 driven outwardly thereon permit-1 ting the springs 65 to support thearms 55 further outward and consequently to position the rollers 51 onthe circumference of a circle of greater radius.

Preferably the relative reciprocating movement which takes place betweenthe work and the head in the operation of the machine and which in theillustrative enibodiment thereofis effected by a motion of the workwhile the head remains in lixed vertical position is taken advantage ofto elect this adjusting movement of the parts and conveniently theeccentricity of the blocks is regularly increased on each reciprocatingmovement. 'llhe construction herein disclosed also provides for imposinga limit on such movement. Thus, the parts may be set in av certaininitial position ot adjustment and arranged to expand a certain definiteamount so as to grind out the worlr to a predetermined size. then, ifdesired, be left without supervision and after the work has reached thispredetermined size the expanding movement would cease and further workot the grinding head would be idle. By such an arrangement a singleworkman would be permitted to care for many machines and production workembodying the production of many elements of the same size is greatlyfacilitated.

lln the example shown the expanding movement is governed by the workitself so that after the work reaches a vgiven size the grindingelements will be automatically shifted to take a larger out until thedesired limit is reached'. By this arrangement the removal oi a certainamount of stock is eifected before further adjustment of the parts forfurther removal. Referring particularl to Fig. a of the drawings,movement o the pawl lever 83 may be edected'by means of an adjustableplunger 95 sliding in the Aears 97 and having a mushroom shaped head 99adapted to project at the side of the grinding' head 7 as a whole and'normally supported by the spring 101. A nut e plunger to be adjustedagainst the torce oi the spring 101 sothat the head 99 projects more orless at the side of the head as desired. At the in- .ner end ot theplunger 95 is a cone-shaped caing surface 105 adapted' to cooperate withthe end of the pawl lever 83. Referring to Fig. d, it will be readilyunderstood that if the plunger 95 is moved to the right the lever Y.

83 will 'ride along the surface of the cam 105 and will be given anupward stroke, the amount of whichwill be limited by the cooperation ofcam 91 with shoulder 89, and that the ratchet wheel will thereby beturned a predetermined' amount. ln the operation of the device the edgeof the head 99 will enter the cylinder which is being ground and theplunger will be pressed inwardly there- The machine could` by and theadjusting screw 67 will thus be given an incremental movement. On thenext reciprocation of the parts, therefore,

the grindlng elements 51 will be permitted te c sweep through a circleof greater diameter.

The movement will continue until the cylinder being ground has reachedsuch a size that it is no longer ellective to press inwardly the plunger95 and then the head will no longer expand and no more stock will beremoved from the work. By a suitable initial adjustment o\ the plunger95, therefore, the work may be brought to a desired maximum size and theoperation of the grinding head will then automatically cease even if themachine 'continues running.

wan@ r havedescnbed in dean a@ form of machine shown in Fig'. 1 and thisform of machine has great advantages-for use with such a type of head asl have described, it

will be understood that the' head might'be utilized in other mechanisms.For example, under certain circumstances it might be mounted on a lathe.Y

l have described in detail the particular embodimentof my inventionshown by way ofY example in the accompanying drawings Y with all themechanical details and retinaments there illustrated, not because allthese are essential although they are desirable, but in order that theconstruction illustrated might be more readily understood.

' TWhat ll claim as' new and desire to secure by Letters Patent ll shallexpress in the followin claims:

1. grinding head comprising a centric group of abrading elements andincrementally movable means for expanding the group comprising a teelergoverned by the portieri of the work-,acted on by the abrading elements.

'2. A rinding machine comprising arotatable s aft and a work support,means to edeet relative axial reciprocatin movement between said parts,a grinding ead on the shaft comprismg a' centric group of abradingelements coaxially arranged therewith and means overnedby saidreciprocating movement incrementally to expand the group. s

3.. A. grinding ymachine comprising 'a rotatable shaftand a worksupport, means to effect relative axial reciprocating movement betweensaid parts, a grinding head on the shaft comprisin a centric grou vofabradmg elements coaxiedly arranged t erewith and means governed by saidreciprocating movement incrementa ly to expand the group, said meansbeing adjustable 'to cause it to cease its expanding action after thegroup has reached a predetermined maximum.

t. A grinding-machine comprising a rotatable shaft and a work support,means to effect relative axial reciprocating movement',

shaft comprising a centricl group. of abrading elements coaxiallyarranged therewith and adjustably positionable means adapted to makecontact with the work in such recip- V rocating movement and by suchcontact effecting an incremental expansion of the group. f f

5.' A grinder comprising a rotatable head,

an. abrading element eccentrically mounted '10`thereon, resilient meansto resist inward operating means.

6. A grinder comprising a rotatable head, an abrading elementeccentrically mounted thereon, resilientmeans to resist. inward movementthereof, cooperating means to pawl cooperating therewith and a recipro-.

laterally of the cable member projecting head to actuate the paw 13. Arotatable grinding head having a swinging arm pivoted thereon, anabrading element carried by the arm, a spring for supporting 'the arm,an adjusting screwfengaging the arm, a ratchet on the screw, a pawlcooperating therewith and a reciprocable member projecting laterally ofthe head to actuate the pawl, said member being adjustable to vary` theamount it projects.

14. A rotatable grinding head having a peripherally presented abradingsurface and means for altering the effective diameter thereof comprisinga ratchet, a pawl having a shoulder, an' adjustable member whichcontacts with said shoulder to disengage the pawl from the ratchet and atrip to reciprocate the pawl. S5 15. A rotatable grinding head having ay peripherally presented abrading surface and means for altering theeffective diameter thereof comprising a ratchet, a pawl having ashoulder, an adjustable member which contacts with said shoulder t'odisengage the pawl from the-ratchet and a trip to reciprocate the pawlhaving an end portion adjustable to extend -in variable amount from thehead.

2U limit outward movement thereof and a reciprocatin element projectingadjacent the path o the abrading element for actuation by .contat withthe work and adapted on actuation to eiect a determined adjustment ofsaid cooperating means.

7 A rindin head comprising a 1uralityeo swinglngD arms carrying abra ingelements, springs tending to swing the arms outwardly, means vto imposean outward limit on the swinging movement and means 45 the forincrementally adjusting said limiting means.

8. A rotatable grinding nena having n.

carrier eccentrical y mounted thereon and supporting an abrading`element, an adjusting screw having threaded engagement with. the carrierand a trip adapted incrementally to rotate the screw.- y

9. A rotatable grinding head comprising Va carrier adapted to support anabrading element eccentricall of the head, an adjusting .screw engagingt e carrier, a ratchet on the' screw, a pawl cooperating therewith and a-reci rocable member projecting laterally of ead to actuate thel pawl.

10. A rotatable grinding head comprising a carrier adapted to support anabrading element eccentrically f the head, an adjusting screw engagingthe carrier, a ratchet' on the screw, a pawl cooperating therewith and areciprocable member projecting laterally of the headto actuate the pawl,said member `being adjustable to vary the amount it projects. 11. Arotatable grinding head having a swingingarm pivoted'thereon, anabrading element carried by the arm, a spring for supporting the arm, anadjustin screw engag- 1ng the arm and a trip adapt, incrementally v6ovto rotate the screw.

12.4 A rotatable grinding head havingsa swinging arm (pivoted thereon,an abrading element` carrie by the arm, a spring for supportin the arm,an adjustin screw en- 65 gaging t e arm, a ratchet on t e screw, a

ing elements,

- effect relative axial reciprocating 16,. A grinder comprising a pairof swin left screw connecting the arms and means 'adapted to be actuatedby the workV for incrementally rotating the screw.

17. A grinder comprising a pair of swinging arms carrying abradingelements, springs tending to swin the arms outwardly -and rovidmg aresillent support for the abrada right and left screw holding the armsagainst adapted to be actuated by the crementally rotating the screw.

18. A grindin machine comprising a rotatable shaft an a work support,meansto movement between said parts, a grinding ead on the shaft, an armpivotedto said head to swing in a plane transverse to said shaft, anabrading element thereon, a spring inwardly'supporting the arm, meansdetermining the outward movement of the arm and means actuated in thesaid reciprocating movement for adjusting said movement determiningmeans.

work for in- 19. A grinding machine comprising a rotatable shaft and awork support, Vmeans to eil'ect relative axial reciprocating movementbetween said parts, a grinding head crease the eccentricity.

20. A grinding machine comprising a rothe springs 'and meanstatable-shaft and a worksupport, means to e'ect relative axialreciprocating movement between said parts, a grinding head on the shaft,an arm pivoted to said head to swing in a plane transverse to saidshaft, an

. abrading element thereon, a spring inwardly supporting the arm, meansdetermining the outward movement of the arm, a radially adjustable tripadapted to be thrown in the said reciprocating movement and meansactuated thereby to adjust said movement determining means.

21. A grlnding machine comprising a rotatable shaft and a work support,means to eect relative axial reciprocatmg movement between said parts, agrinding head on the shaft carrying an eccentrically located abradingelement, means for incrementally increasing the eccentricity and anadjustable device adapted to actuate said means and operable in saidreciprocating movement, the adjustment providing for a cessation of suchincrease after a determined' maximum.

22. A grinding machine comprising a rotatable shaft and a work support,means to e'ect relative axial reciprocating movement between said parts,a grinding head on the shaft, an arm pivoted to said head to swin in alane transverse to said shaft, an abra ing e ement thereon, a springinward- 1y supporting the arm, means determining the outward movement ofthe arm, means for incrementally shifting said movement *i determiningmeans and an adjustable device adapted to actuate said shifting meansand operable in said reciprocating movement, the adjustment providingfor a cessation of such shifting after a determined maximum.

23. A inding machine comprising a rotatable s aft and a work support,means to eii'ect relative axial reciprocating movement between saidparts, a grinding head on the shaft, a grinding element on the headadapted to move in and out from the center thereof and means adapted foractuation in said reciprocating movement for incrementally moving saidelement outwardly through an adjustably predetermined range having avariable outer limit.

24. An internal grinder comprising a r0- tatable head carrying a centricgroup of abrading elements and means comprising a yieldabletripprojecting outwardly beyond the oup for contact w1th the work foractuatlon thereby and means whereby such acl tuation servesincrementally to increase the eective diameter of the group.

25. A rotatable grinding headjhaving a peripherally presented abradingsurface and means for shifting the radial position of the surfaceincluding a trip radially adjustable to project in variable amount,beyond such surface.

26. A grinding head comprising a swinging arm carrying an abradingelement, a spring tending to swing said arms outwardly, means to imposean outward limit on the swinging movement and means for incrementallyshifting said limiting means, said latter means being adjustable to varythe amount of the increment.

27. A grinding head having an eccentrically disposed abrading block, aspring'supporting the same against inward movement, a su port for thespring and means for ua ymoving block and support whereby a justment iseffected while maintaining uniform tension of the spring.

28. A grinding head comprising a swinging arm, an abrading block carriedthereby, an -adjustin screw passin through the arm, non-rotatab e nutscarrie by the screw on opposite sides of the arm and a spring interposedbetween the arm and one of the nuts.

29. A grinding head having an eccentricall mounted abrading bleek, meansfor hol ing it against outward movement, a spring for supporting itagainst inward movement, and means for adjusting the position of theblock serving to maintain a constant tension on the spring.

i 30. An internal cylinder grinder comprisin a work su ort a rotatablehead havin g lP a an abrading e ement eccentrically mounte thereon,means to eect relative reciprocating movement of said support and headand means to vary the eccentricity of said element comprislng a trip tomake contact with the work, said element in a determined position ofadjustment serving to mask said tri g1. An internal cylinder grindercomprising a work support, a rotatable head having eccentrically ocatedthereon an abrading element yieldably mounted to give inwardly, saidelement presenting at the end of the head an inwardly directed surfacewhereby it may enter axially a cylinder to be ground and means to varythe eccentricity of said element com risin a trip to make contact withthe wor sai element in a determined` position of adjustment serving tomask said trip.

In testimony whereof, .I have signed my name to this specication.

VCTOR J. ELERY.

